Comprehensive information on autism: early signs, diagnostic process, treatment approaches, and guidance for families.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.
Early Warning Signs
Key early indicators include limited eye contact, failure to respond to one's name, absence of pointing gestures, delayed imitative behaviors, reduced social smiling, lack of interest in peers, and limited play skills. These signs may become apparent as early as 12–18 months of age.
Diagnosis is typically established around 2–3 years of age; however, some cases may not be identified until later in childhood. Standardized assessment instruments such as the ADOS-2 (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) and ADI-R (Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised) are employed in the diagnostic process.
Evidence-Based Interventions
Early intensive behavioral intervention programs, speech-language therapy, occupational therapy, and social skills training constitute the foundational components of treatment. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions have demonstrated significant efficacy when initiated early. The involvement of families as active participants in the intervention process is essential for optimal outcomes.
Doç. Dr. Mehtap Eroğlu
Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist. Over 15 years of clinical experience.
